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Greek style of architecture

Greek architecture refers to the architectural style developed by the ancient Greeks from the 9th century BCE to the 1st century CE. It is characterized by its emphasis on harmony, proportion, and the use of specific architectural elements. Greek architecture has had a profound influence on Western architecture and continues to be celebrated for its timeless beauty. Here are some key characteristics of Greek architecture:

Orders: Greek architecture is known for its three main orders or styles: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Each order has distinct characteristics and proportions. The Doric order is the simplest, featuring sturdy columns with no base and a plain capital. The Ionic order is more ornate, with slender columns that have a decorative base and volutes (scroll-like ornaments) on the capital. The Corinthian order is the most elaborate, characterized by columns with acanthus leaf capitals.
Columns: Greek architecture prominently features columns as structural and decorative elements. Columns are typically fluted, meaning they have vertical grooves running along their length. They consist of a shaft, capital, and base. The columns support the entablature, which includes the architrave (horizontal beam), frieze (decorative band), and cornice (projecting molding).
Pediments: Greek temples often have triangular pediments at each end, forming the gable of the roof. These pediments are usually decorated with sculptural reliefs depicting mythological scenes or figures. The pediments contribute to the visual grandeur and narrative storytelling of Greek architecture.
Entasis: Greek columns exhibit a slight swelling in the middle called entasis. This curvature counteracts the optical illusion of concavity, making the columns appear straight when viewed from a distance. Entasis adds a sense of vitality and refinement to the columns.
Symmetry and Proportion: Greek architecture places great importance on symmetry and proportion. Buildings are designed with careful attention to balance and harmony. The use of mathematical ratios, such as the golden ratio, guides the proportions of elements like column height, spacing, and overall building dimensions.
Peristyle and Portico: Greek temples often feature a peristyle, which is a colonnaded porch or walkway surrounding the building. The peristyle creates a sense of enclosure while allowing light and air to enter. A portico is a projecting porch supported by columns at the entrance of a building.
Stylobate and Steps: Greek temples are typically elevated on a platform called a stylobate. The stylobate provides a level base for the columns and emphasizes the monumentality of the structure. Steps lead up to the temple, adding a ceremonial aspect to the approach.
Materials: Greek architecture primarily used local materials such as limestone and marble. Limestone was commonly used for the superstructure, while marble was reserved for more prestigious buildings and sculptural elements. Wood was also used for roofs, ceilings, and interior details.